Digital impressions (Intraoral scan)

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What does intraoral mean?

The term “intraoral” is commonly used to refer to something that is located inside the mouth or to something related to the oral cavity. In dentistry and oral healthcare, any conditions, equipment, or procedure that is done inside the mouth, or that is related to the mouth, is defined as “intraoral”. For example, an examination of the oral cavity, including the teeth, gums, tongue, and other soft tissues inside the mouth is called an intraoral exam. All the imaging techniques which are done intraorally are called intraoral imaging such as periapical, bitewing, or occlusal imaging.

What is an Intraoral Scan? 

An intraoral scanner is a device that uses a wand-shaped handheld to create digital impression data of the oral cavity. Light source from the scanner is projected onto the scan objects, such as full dental arches, and then a 3D model is processed by the scanning software and images are displayed in real-time on a screen. The device provides accurate details of the hard and soft tissues located in the oral cavity through high-quality images. It is becoming a more popular choice for clinics and dentists due to excellent 3D image outputs and short lab turnaround times.

During the scan, the scanner is moved around the patient’s mouth, capturing images from different angles. The images are then combined using software to create a highly detailed and accurate 3D model of the teeth and gums. The resulting digital model can be used to plan and design dental treatments such as restorations, orthodontic treatment, and implants. Intraoral scans are often used as an alternative to traditional dental impressions.

Intraoral scanning technology has advanced rapidly in recent years, and many scanners now offer faster scanning times, improved accuracy, and enhanced features such as color imaging and real-time feedback. Intraoral scanning can provide a more efficient, accurate, and comfortable experience for patients and as well as dentists.

How does an intraoral scanner work?

An intraoral scanner consists of a handheld wand with a camera and scanning software. The wand is connected to a computer that runs custom software that processes the digital data sensed by the camera. The smaller the scanning wand, the more flexible it is in reaching deep into the intraoral area to capture accurate and precise data. 

During the intraoral scanning, the wand is inserted into the patient’s mouth and moved gently over the surface area of the teeth. The intraoral scanner (IOS) projects a light source onto the object which can include the dental arches, prepared teeth, and implant scan bodies (i.e. cylinders screwed on the implants, used for transferring the 3D implant position). These objects then reflect the light back, which is captured by imaging sensors and then processed by the scanning software. The 3D images obtained can be used as direct optical impressions. This way, the intraoral wand automatically captures the size and shape of each tooth. It only takes a few minutes to scan, and the system produces a detailed digital impression. The dentist can view the real-time images on the computer, which can be magnified and manipulated to enhance the details, and then this data can be sent to a dental lab.

The whole process is very efficient and timesaving, allowing dentists to diagnose more patients. The images of the oral tissues as well as the implant scan bodies generate point clouds, that are, in turn, triangulated by the same software, creating a 3D surface model which is commonly known as “mesh“. The 3D surface models of the oral tissues are the result of the optical impression, and are used as a digital alternative to traditional tangible plaster models.

The scanner typically uses one of two methods for image capturing:

1. During Active scanning, the handheld wand is moved over the surface of the oral cavity which has to be scanned, emitting light from a light source (such as LED, which is then reflected off the surface of the teeth and soft tissue in the mouth and picked up by the camera sensors in the scanner. The camera then captures the reflected light and converts it into a digital image.
2. Passive scanning, in contrast, uses a sensor that is placed in the mouth and captures images as the patient holds still. This method usually involves taking multiple images of the teeth and gums from different angles and positions to create a comprehensive digital model.

The images captured in an intraoral scan are being processed by the scanner’s dedicated software, which uses advanced algorithms to stitch the images together and create a highly accurate 3D model of the teeth and gums. This 3D model, usually in STL format, can be used for a variety of dental applications, such as orthodontic treatment planning, restorative dentistry, and implant placement.

Intraoral scanner workflow

The workflow for an intraoral scanner involves patient preparation, image capture, image processing, review of the 3D model, treatment planning, and fabrication of dental appliances. Here is a detailed description of all typical steps involved in this workflow: 

• The intraoral scanner is being calibrated to obtain a good scan.
• The patient is being prepared for scanning by making the patient well seated, and the patient’s mouth dried out and any debris, if present, are removed from the area of interest.
• Image acquisition is the next step and can be done by the active or passive scanning technique.
• The indications in the case information interface are being selected and then moved into the scan interface for image processing. 
• After trimming the data, the models are aligned in the buccal interface and the scanner’s software stitches the images together to create a 3D model of the teeth and gums. 
• The obtained 3D model is then reviewed to ensure that all the necessary areas have been captured and that the model is accurate. If necessary, additional scans may be taken to capture any skipped areas. 
• After the data is captured and reviewed, it can be sent to a lab along with the case description and photos. 
• The 3D model which is obtained after processing is typically used for orthodontic treatment, restorative dentistry, and implant placement. The dentist will use the 3D model to plan the patient’s treatment and make any necessary adjustments.
• Depending on the treatment plan, the 3D model may be used to design dental appliances such as orthodontic aligners, crowns, or bridges. The dentist will send the 3D model to a dental laboratory or use an in-office milling machine to fabricate the appliance.

It is important to note that it takes time and practice to learn how to perform a proper intraoral scanning. Experience and well-trained professionals can scan significantly faster, and with higher accuracy. 

Intraoral scanner resolution

The purpose of a 3D scanner is to generate a point cloud that represents the surface of the object being scanned. These point clouds are then triangulated by the scanner software and create a 3D surface model. The quality of the derived 3D model depends on accuracy and resolution, where accuracy is the ability of a measurement to match the actual value of the object scanned and resolution is the number of significant digits (decimal places) to which a value is being reliably measured. 

The scanning device obtains its resolution according to the magnitude of the volume of the scanned object. Therefore, the actual resolution of 3D models can be obtained by dividing the number of points by the size of the surface area. The resolution of a 3D image is the smallest change in the physical magnitude that is being measured. It indicates the number of details that can be observed in the image. 

The resolution of intraoral scanners can vary depending on the specific scanner being used. In general, most intraoral scanners have a resolution of around 15 to 50 microns. This means that they can capture very small details in the teeth and oral cavity, which is important for creating accurate digital impressions for restorative and orthodontic treatments.

Factors that can affect the resolution of an intraoral scanner include the type of technology used (such as laser or optical scanning), the number of cameras or sensors in the scanner, and the software algorithms used to process the data. Higher-resolution intraoral scanners typically require more advanced technology and processing capabilities, which can increase the cost of the scanner.

It is important to note that while a resolution is a key factor for attaining accurate intraoral scans, it’s not the only contributing factor. Other factors, such as the speed of the scanning process, the ease of use, the hands-on experience (literally) of the person performing the scan, and the compatibility with other digital systems, should also all be considered when choosing an intraoral scanner in attempt to achieve higher level of accuracy.

What is intraoral imaging used for?

Intraoral imaging is a type of dental imaging that is used to capture detailed images of the structures present inside the oral cavity, which includes teeth, alveolar bone, gums, and other soft tissues inside the mouth. Intraoral imaging is a valuable tool for dental professionals, as it allows them to accurately diagnose and treat a diversity of dental problems, while also providing patients with a better understanding of their oral health.

Digital impressions deriving from Intraoral scans can be used for a variety of purposes, including:

• Diagnostic purpose: for the diagnosis of the conditions related to intraoral structures such as cavities, bone loss, fractured tooth, fractured restoration, etc.

• Treatment planning: dentists can use intraoral imaging to prepare for restorative treatments like pulp therapies, dental fillings, crowns, bridges, extractions, etc.

• Orthodontic treatment: Intraoral images can be used to create digital models of the teeth and gums, which can be used to plan and monitor orthodontic treatment.

• The initial phase of diagnosis: In some cases, such as large cystic lesions, traumata, carcinomas, etc., where extraoral or extensive imaging is indicated, the intraoral imaging can be used as an initial phase confirmation before moving to extraoral or 3D imaging. 

• Patient education: Intraoral images can be helpful in demonstrating and explaining dental problems and treatment options to patients.

• Monitoring oral health: By capturing intraoral images over time, dentists can track changes in a patient’s oral health and identify potential problems before they become more serious.

Overall, intraoral imaging is a valuable tool for dental professionals, as it allows them to accurately diagnose and treat dental problems, while also providing patients with a better understanding of their oral health.

Who uses intraoral scanners?

Intraoral digital scanners are becoming integral to modern dentistry it can improve both practice efficiency and the patient experience. Intraoral scanners are commonly used by general practitioner dentists and orthodontists to capture 3D images of a patient’s teeth, gums, and surrounding structures. 

Dentists can obtain an impression of the dental arches with the help of 3D scanners, which are highly acute compared to conventional alginate and PVS.  Images obtained from 3D scanners can be used to create custom-fitted dental restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and dentures, as well as orthodontic appliances like braces and aligners.

Digital impressions obtained by 3D scanners are used by dental technicians to design and create custom dental restorations.

Intraoral scanners are also used by dental hygienists to capture images of patients’ teeth and gums for routine oral health assessments and screenings. 

Intraoral scanners are used by researchers in the fields of dentistry, orthodontics, and other related disciplines to study various aspects of oral health and disease.

Overall, intraoral scanners are widely used in the dental industry and are considered essential tools for providing accurate and efficient dental care.

Benefits and advantages of intraoral scan

Intraoral scanning is a dental technology that uses a digital scanner to create a 3D image of a patient’s teeth and gums. This technology has several benefits and advantages over traditional dental impression methods. Here are some of them:

• More comfortable for patients: The digital scanner takes images of the mouth quickly and without any discomfort, unlike the uncomfortable impression materials which are messy and require several minutes to set in the patient’s mouth.
• Increased accuracy: Digital scans have very high resolution due to which they can detect even the smallest details of the teeth and gums, which is essential for precise dental work such as the fabrication of orthodontic appliances, crowns, bridges, and implants. The high accuracy provided by intraoral scanning can help prevent errors and reduce the need for rework – thus increasing the efficiency of the dentist and saving the patient’s time.
• Faster results: Digital scans can be processed more quickly than traditional impressions, which can speed up the entire dental treatment process. This can result in faster turnaround times for dental work, which can be especially important for patients who require urgent treatment.
• Better patient communication: The 3D images obtained from intra-oral scanners can be shared with patients and used to educate them about their dental health with a visual representation of their dental condition, which can help them better understand their treatment options and implications.
• Improved record-keeping: Like any other digital data, digital scans can be easily stored and accessed online via a secured cloud platform, thus making it easier for dentists to keep track of patient records. This is especially useful for patients who require ongoing dental treatment, or who are seeing multiple dentists for different procedures.

Overall, intraoral scanning is a valuable dental technology that offers several benefits to patients and dental professionals alike. Compared to traditional (physical) impressions, digital impressions taken by intraoral scans improve accuracy, reduce discomfort, and can speed up the treatment process, helping patients and their dentists to achieve better dental outcomes.

Intraoral scan disadvantages

While intraoral scanning has many benefits, there are also some potential disadvantages that should be considered.

Here are some of the disadvantages of intraoral scanning:

• Learning curve: Dentists and dental technicians may need to undergo training to learn how to use intraoral scanners effectively. This can be time-consuming and may require additional costs.
• Patient discomfort: While intraoral scanning is generally more comfortable than traditional impressions, some patients may still experience discomfort or anxiety during the scanning process. Unexperienced professionals may need significantly more time to compete the intraoral scanning, which may add to patients’ discomfort.
• Limited access: Not all dental practices have access to intraoral scanning technology, which can limit patients’ options for dental treatment.
• Limited use: Intraoral scanning may not be suitable for all dental procedures, for example, it is difficult for optical impressions to detect deep margin lines in prepared teeth, and/or when bleeding takes place. In such cases a traditional impression may still be required.
• Limited accuracy: While intraoral scanning is generally more accurate than traditional impressions, it may not be suitable for all patients or situations, and some errors or inaccuracies may still occur.
• Technical issues: Like any technology, intraoral scanners can experience technical issues that may affect the accuracy of the scans or cause delays in treatment.
• Cost: Intraoral scanners can be expensive, and the cost may be passed on to patients in the form of higher fees for dental services. This can make it difficult for some patients to access this technology.

Overall, while intraoral scanning has many benefits, it also has some potential disadvantages that should be carefully considered before deciding whether to use this technology for dental treatment.

Intraoral scanner radiation

Intraoral scanners do not emit radiation. They use optical or laser scanning technology to capture digital impressions of a patient’s teeth and gums. Therefore, intraoral scanners use visible light radiation and not X-ray radiation. The energy levels of the electromagnetic radiation from visible light are low and there is no known risk to biological tissues. 

Are intraoral scans safe?

Intraoral scans are generally considered safe for patients, being non-invasive and painless, an involving only non-ionizing radiation. 

Intraoral scanners use optical or laser technology to capture digital images of a patient’s teeth and gums, which are then used to create 3D models of the patient’s mouth. The light source used for capturing images is generally considered safe for patients, as they do not emit x-ray radiation.

Digital impressions taken with 3D intraoral scanners are quite comfortable to the patient when compared to the traditional impression, where alginate or PVS is used, which can be uncomfortable and messy.

Some patients can still report gagging or discomfort during the scanning process, which can be due to anxiety. Another important factor that should be considered is the risk of infection if the scanner is not sterilized properly between patients. However, these risks are generally low, and dental providers are trained to minimize discomfort and maintain a sterile environment to prevent the spread of infection.

Are intraoral scans safe during pregnancy?

Intraoral scans are a type of dental imaging technology that uses a handheld device to create a 3D model of a patient’s teeth and gums. There is limited research on the safety of intraoral scans during pregnancy, and healthcare providers may have different opinions on the matter.

According to the American Dental Association, intraoral scans are considered safe during pregnancy, as the amount of radiation exposure is minimal which is in the form of a light source. However, some pregnant women may experience nausea or discomfort during the scan when the scanner wand is placed in the mouth. 

Overall, while there may be some potential risks associated with intraoral scans during pregnancy, the benefits of obtaining accurate dental imaging and treatment may outweigh these risks. As with any medical decision during pregnancy, patients should discuss their options with their healthcare provider and make an informed decision based on their individual circumstances.

Are intraoral scans painful?

Intraoral scans are digital impressions of a patient’s oral cavity where a handheld wand is inserted in the patient’s mouth and is moved over the area of interest to capture images. They are generally not painful. Nevertheless, the scanning process may cause some discomfort to some patients, by causing a gag reflex during the process, which can be uncomfortable. This can be minimized with proper scanning technique and with effective patient communication.

Compared to traditional impression materials, which can be messy and may cause discomfort or even gagging, intraoral scans are often preferred by patients for their ease and comfort. However, it is important to discuss any concerns or discomfort with your dental professional to ensure the best possible experience.

Can an intraoral scan detect cancer?

Intraoral scans are typically used in dentistry to capture a detailed 3D digital image of the surface of the teeth, gums, and surrounding oral structures. While these scans can provide valuable information about the health and condition of the mouth, they are not typically used to detect cancer.

The detection of oral cancer is a detailed procedure that usually involves a combination of methods, including a thorough clinical examination of the oral cavity, imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI, and a biopsy of suspicious tissue. 

Intraoral carcinoma

Intraoral carcinoma is a type of cancer that develops within the lining of the mouth which can include the lips, tongue, gums, inner cheeks, or bone. It is often referred to as oral cavity cancer or oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Intraoral carcinoma develops when cells in the epithelial or subepithelial lining of the oral cavity divide and grow uncontrollably, forming a mass of abnormal cells. These cells can invade nearby tissues and potentially spread to other parts of the body depending on the aggressive nature of the carcinoma.

The most common risk factors for intraoral carcinoma include tobacco use, heavy alcohol consumption, and exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV). Symptoms of intraoral carcinoma may include white or red patches in the mouth, a sore that does not heal, difficulty swallowing, persistent pain or discomfort, and a lump or thickening in the mouth or on the neck.

Diagnosis of intraoral carcinoma typically involves a combination of methods, including a thorough clinical examination, imaging as per the need, and biopsy of suspicious tissue. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these together, depending on the location and stage of the cancer.

Intraoral scan near me

Digital impressions (Intraoral scans) are a routinely used dental imaging modality available in many dental clinics (especially if they provide orthodontic treatments) and dental radiology centers. To find the nearest Intraoral scan, one can use the Google search engine, which can provide location-based results.

However, patients usually need a referral for an Intraoral scan, with details about the area that needs to be scanned, the purpose of the scan, and the processing required after that. Therefore, consult your dentist/orthodontist and get a detailed referral from him if you intend to do the intraoral scan outside his clinic.

At DentQ and CTdent, we provide Intraoral scans in some of our branches. You can find, contact and consult about it with DentQ and CTdent branches near you, here.

How much does an intraoral scan cost?

The cost of an intraoral scan can vary depending on various factors such as the location of the dental practice, the type of scanner used, the complexity of the procedure, and the amount of work required. The cost of an intraoral scan may be covered by dental insurance.

According to an internal survey we did at DentQ in a few European countries, typical prices of intraoral scans at imaging centers in 2022 are:

Country	Intraoral scan Single Arch	Intraoral scan Both Arches
UK	£ 50	£ 60
Italy	€ 55	€ 65
Greece	€ 25	€ 45

 Note that intraoral scans at dental clinics, bundled with dental treatments, may cost considerably less.
Similarly, intraoral scans at imaging centers, bundled with other imaging services, may cost less.

Intraoral radiography

Intraoral radiography is a type of dental radiography that uses x-rays to create images of teeth, jaw, and other oral structures. It involves placing an x-ray film or a digital sensor inside the patient’s mouth to capture the image of the area of interest. 

It can be used for the following purposes:

• Diagnostic purpose: for the diagnosis of the conditions related to intraoral structures such as cavities, bone loss, fractured tooth, fractured restoration, etc.
• Treatment planning: dentists can use intraoral imaging to plan and prepare for restorative treatments like pulp therapies, dental fillings, crowns, bridges, extractions, etc.
• The initial phase of diagnosis: In some cases where extraoral or extensive imaging is indicated, the intraoral imaging can be used as an initial phase confirmation before moving to extraoral or 3D imaging such as a large cystic lesion, traumata, carcinomas, etc.
• Patient education: Intraoral images can be helpful in explaining dental problems and treatment options to patients.
• Monitoring oral health: By capturing intraoral images over time, dentists can track changes in a patient’s oral health and identify potential problems before they become more serious.

The common types of intraoral radiography are periapical, bitewing, and occlusal radiographs. A periapical radiograph shows the entire tooth from the crown to the root, while a bitewing radiograph shows the crown and upper part of the tooth, as well as the adjacent teeth, and an occlusal radiograph can show teeth of half or the entire arch.

Intraoral radiography is generally considered safe, with minimal exposure to radiation. However, as with any medical imaging, it is important to use appropriate radiation protection measures, such as lead aprons and thyroid collars, to minimize the patient’s exposure to radiation.

The intraoral scanner in dentistry

An intraoral scanner is a device used in dentistry to create 3D digital models of a patient’s teeth and oral structures. It is a small, handheld device that is used to scan the inside of the mouth, capturing images of teeth and gums. 

Intraoral Scanners are used in a variety of dental areas. The scanner can create a highly accurate digital replica of the patient’s mouth. This information can be used by dentists to plan treatments, design restorations such as crowns and bridges, and create orthodontic appliances such as braces and aligners.

Intraoral Scanners are also useful in preventive dentistry because they provide the dentist with a high-resolution image that they can magnify, making it easier to spot even small dental problems. This way, practitioners can enlarge the resulting 3D model on the screen, see more enhanced details, which allows them to catch evolving dental problems and help preventing their development before they become abundant or severe.

Prosthodontists use intraoral scanners for taking informative digital dental impressions, which replace traditional impressions that use putty-like materials. The digital impressions obtained from a 3D scanner are faster, more accurate, and more comfortable for patients. They also eliminate the need for physical molds, which require storage space and can be lost or damaged.

Intraoral scanners are becoming increasingly popular in modern dental practices, and many dentists are investing in this technology to provide better care for their patients.

Intraoral scan dental code (CDT, ADA)

The Current Dental Terminology (CDT) Code and the American Dental Association (ADA) code for intraoral scans are:

• CDT Code D0600: Intraoral – complete arch
  • This code describes the capture of a digital impression of the full arch of teeth and surrounding tissues using an intraoral scanner.

• ADA Code D0340: Digital Subtraction Radiography
  • This code is not specific to intraoral scans, butit may be used to describe the procedure – if the scan is being used for diagnostic purposes, such as to identify dental caries or other pathologies.

It is important to note that codes and their corresponding descriptions may vary depending on the specific application or context in which they are used. It is recommended to consult with a dental professional or coding expert to ensure accurate coding for specific procedures.

Intraoral scan vs Dental scan

Both intraoral scans and dental scans are digital technologies used in dentistry to obtain 3D images of the patient’s teeth and oral structures. However, there are some differences between the two:

• Intraoral scans: These are taken using a handheld wand-like device that is inserted into the patient’s mouth to capture images of tissues limited to the oral cavity. It causes no radiation exposure while capturing images. Intraoral scans are often used to create digital impressions of the patient’s teeth, which can be used to design and manufacture dental restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and dentures. They cannot be used for extensive diagnostic purposes.

• Dental scans: These are used to capture 3D detailed images of the oral and maxillofacial region using radiation. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a type of dental scan, which captures 3D images of the patient’s teeth, bones, and soft tissues intraorally and of the maxillofacial region. Dental scans cause radiation exposure while capturing images. Scans are often used to diagnose complex dental conditions, plan orthodontic treatment, or place dental implants.

In summary, intraoral scans are primarily used for restorative dentistry, while dental scans are typically used for more complex diagnostic and treatment planning purposes. Both technologies can provide valuable information to dentists and improve patient outcomes.

Intraoral scans vs traditional impressions

Intraoral scanners and traditional impressions are both methods used in dentistry to obtain a digital or physical replica of a patient’s teeth and gums. Here are some differences between the two:

	Intraoral scans	Traditional impression
Method of obtaining the replica	Intraoral scans use digital technology to capture a 3D image of a patient’s teeth and gums	Impressions use a physical mold or cast of the teeth and gums
Time	Intraoral scans can capture a digital image of the teeth and gums in few minutes	Traditional impressions take longer to make and may require multiple visits to the dentist
Accuracy	Intraoral scans can provide highly accurate 3D images of the teeth and gums, which can be used to create precise dental restorations	Traditional impressions may be subject to errors in the mold-making process that can affect the accuracy of the final restoration.
Patient comfort	Intraoral scans are relatively more comfortable for, as they involve minimal contact with the teeth and gums.	Traditional impression materials, such as alginate or PVS, are messy and relatively uncomfortable for the patient.
Cost	Intraoral scans can be more expensive than traditional impressions, as they require specialized equipment and software.	Traditional impressions  are usually less expensive.

Overall, intraoral scanners offer a more efficient, accurate, and comfortable method for obtaining digital images of the teeth and gums, which can be used to create precise dental restorations. However, traditional impressions are still commonly used in dentistry. cost less, and can be a suitable option in certain cases.

Intraoral scan vs CBCT

Intraoral scans and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) are both types of dental imaging technology, but they serve different purposes.

An intraoral scan is a digital impression of a patient’s teeth and gums that is taken using a wand-like device that is placed inside the mouth. The scan captures a three-dimensional image of the teeth and surrounding tissues, which can be used for a variety of purposes such as creating dental restorations, planning orthodontic treatment, or monitoring the progress of the periodontal disease. Intraoral scans are obviously done intra-orally (inside the mouth) and are safe as they do not use ionizing radiation.

On the other hand, a CBCT scan is a type of medical imaging technology that produces a three-dimensional image of the patient’s oral and maxillofacial structures, including teeth, jawbone, sinuses, and nerve pathways. This type of scan is often used for implant planning, orthodontic treatment planning, and diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial pathology. CBCT scans are obviously done extra-orally (the device arms rotate around the head), and are do use ionizing x-ray radiation.

In summary, intraoral scans are primarily used for capturing detailed images of the teeth and surrounding tissues, while CBCT scans are used for capturing more comprehensive images of the oral and maxillofacial structures. The choice between the two will depend on the specific needs of the patient and the type of diagnosis or treatment being planned. In addition, Intraoral scans (digital impressions) and CBCT scans (3D DICOM files) can be superimposed to provide a combined 3D model (STL) that accurately replicates, for example, the visible surfaces of the teeth and gums(crowns), as well as the parts of the teeth hidden by the guns (roots). Such combined 3D models can be very useful in orthodontics, since teeth position is first and foremost dependent on the position of their (hidden) roots.

Intraoral scanning in orthodontics

Intraoral scanning is a modern technology that involves using a handheld wand-like device that captures images of the teeth and gums, which are then converted into a digital 3D model. In orthodontics, it can be used effectively in a variety of ways, from taking an impression to the fabrication of an orthodontic appliance. 

Orthodontists may use Intraoral scans for:

• Impression: Intraoral scanners can provide highly accurate 3D images of the teeth and gums, which can be used to create precise dental restorations 
• Treatment planning: Intraoral scanning allows orthodontists to accurately map out the patient’s teeth and oral structures and create a detailed treatment plan tailored to their specific needs.
• Aligner fabrication: Intraoral scanning is used to create digital impressions for the fabrication of transparent aligners, which are an increasingly popular alternative to traditional braces.
• Retainer fabrication: Intraoral scanning can also be used to create accurate digital impressions for the fabrication of retainers, which are worn after orthodontic treatment to maintain the new position of the teeth.
• Monitoring progress: Intraoral scanning can be used to track the progress of orthodontic treatment over time, allowing orthodontists to make adjustments and modifications as needed.

Intraoral scanning has several advantages over traditional impression techniques, including increased accuracy, reduced discomfort for the patient, and improved patient experience. Overall, intraoral scanning is a valuable tool for orthodontists, helping them to provide more precise and efficient orthodontic treatment for their patients.

Intraoral scan for Invisalign

Intraoral scanning is a digital technology that uses a handheld device to capture a detailed 3D image of your teeth and gums. It is a fast and comfortable alternative to traditional dental impressions, which involve placing a tray of impression material in your mouth and waiting for it to set.

Invisalign is a popular orthodontic treatment that uses a series of transparent aligners to gradually straighten teeth. In order to create these custom aligners, your dentist or orthodontist will need to take precise measurements of your teeth and create a 3D model of your mouth. This is where intraoral scanning comes in.

To create an Invisalign treatment plan, your dentist or orthodontist will use an intraoral scanner to capture images of your teeth and bite from different angles. The scanner will then create a digital model of your mouth, which can be used to create your custom aligners.

In addition to being more comfortable for patients, intraoral scanning provides more accurate and detailed information for the dental professional. This can lead to more precise treatment planning and better outcomes for patients.

Recently, intraoral scanning at dental imaging centers, complemented by remote dental consultations by dentists (telemedicine), enables patients to avoid a visit to a dental clinic altogether. The deriving digital impressions are being sent to the clinician online, and then he can advise the patient via video calls and fit braces for him, after these adjusted braces, with usage instructions, can be sent to the patient via land mail. This process enables Invisalign providers to scale and provide their services nationwide faster and at lower operation costs, while saving the patients visits to dental clinics.

Overall, intraoral scanning is an important tool for creating customized Invisalign aligners, and it is becoming increasingly popular in modern orthodontic practices.

Intraoral scan for dentures

Intraoral scans result in virtual 3D models of a patient’s mouth (digital impressions), which can be helpful for dental diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-ups. When it comes to dentures (removable false teeth), intraoral scans can help dentists to create a more precise and comfortable denture fit for their patients.

Traditionally, dentures are created using physical impressions of a patient’s mouth, which can be uncomfortable and sometimes result in inaccuracies. Intraoral scans, on the other hand, use a small wand-like device that is inserted into the patient’s mouth and moved around to capture detailed images of the teeth and gums. The images are then sent to a computer, where they can be used to create a virtual model of the patient’s mouth. These virtual models can be manipulated to adjust the fit and design of the dentures before they are physically created, which can save time and improve the accuracy of the final product.

Intraoral scans can reduce the number of patient visits and save chair time by eliminating the need for a preliminary impression to make an individual tray and the wax rim. In addition, intraoral scans can be used for creating denture replicas.

Thus, intraoral scans can be very helpful when used for the fabrication of dentures, right from the initial step of taking an impression to the final step of insertion of the resulted denture. The level of accuracy is superior, and the amount of time saved is commendable, because intraoral scan eliminates all the repetition steps which are needed to achieve accuracy and good fit in a traditional process. 

Intraoral scan for veneers

An intraoral scan is a digital impression of the teeth and gums using a handheld scanner that captures a three-dimensional image of the mouth. In the context of veneers (thin coverings that are placed over the front part of teeth and look like natural teeth), an intraoral scan can be used to create a virtual model (digital impression) of the teeth and gums, which can be used to design and fabricate custom veneers.

Aesthetic dentistry is a very demanding discipline of a dental practice. In dental cases where the primary requirement is aesthetics, the usage of intraoral scan can create wonders. Intraoral scans for veneers can help to ensure a precise fit and a natural-looking result while also reducing the chair time in a dental office and increasing the dentist’s efficiency.

The workflow involved in the fabrication of veneers using intraoral scans is as follows:

• The dentist will first prepare the teeth by removing a thin layer of enamel to make room for the veneers.
• Digital photographs and intraoral scans are then required for veneer fabrication.
• Initially, a face scan is made, using a dedicated software, and the resulted 3D face scan is exported as a polygon (PLY) file.
• An intraoral scan is then taken, to obtain a digital impression which is needed for designing the veneers (using another specialized software). 
• Based on the intraoral dental scans, the proposed restoration is mocked up using a digital smile design software (for example 3 Shape Dental System, 3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark). 
• After this step, the PLY files of the 3D facial scan and the intraoral scans of the maxillary and mandibular arches are all uploaded and synchronized (superimposed). At this stage, digital adjustments are made for the smile alignment by removing unwanted soft tissue information and occlusal plane discrepancies.
• Once the design is finalized, the information is sent to a dental laboratory where the veneers are fabricated using advanced technology such as computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM).
• The completed veneers are then sent back to the dentist’s office for placement. 
• The dentist will check the fit and make any necessary adjustments before bonding the veneers to the teeth using a dental adhesive. 

Overall, using intraoral scans for veneers can help to ensure a precise fit and a natural-looking result, while also reducing the need for messy traditional impressions. In addition, the product obtained by using intraoral scan has far better quality and fit as compared to the traditional process and it is also timesaving for both patient and the dentist.

Intraoral scanner full arch

An intraoral scanner is a digital device used in dentistry to create 3D models of the teeth and surrounding oral structures. When used to capture a 3D model of all the teeth in the upper or lower jaw, it is referred to as a full arch scan.

During a full arch scan, the dentist or dental technician will use the intraoral scanner to capture a series of images of the teeth and gums from different angles. The scanner (with its dedicated software) combines these images to create a highly detailed, digital 3D model of the entire arch (digital impression).

Full arch scans can be used for a variety of purposes, including designing and fabricating dental restorations such as crowns, bridges, and dentures. They can also be used in orthodontic treatment planning to create custom aligners or braces.

Compared to traditional impression techniques, full arch scans with intraoral scanners offer several advantages, including increased accuracy, reduced patient discomfort, and faster turnaround times for dental restorations.

Intraoral scan for implants

Intraoral scanning is a technology used in dentistry to create 3D digital models of a patient’s teeth and gums. The intraoral scanner is used to capture digital impressions of the patient’s mouth. The 3D model created by the scanner can then used to plan the optimal position and angle of the implants, as well as to create a surgical guide for the implant placement.

When used for placing dental implants, intraoral scanning results in better outcomes as compared to traditional method impressions, by allowing for more precise and efficient implant placement. It is a faster procedure, more accurate, and more comfortable for the patient. The 3D digital model can also be easily shared with the laboratory or implant manufacturer online, to ensure a precise fit and optimal aesthetic outcome.

Dental impressions are a critical step in applying implants accurately. The related digital workflow includes:

• The patient’s mouth is being prepared for the scan and the scan bodies (intraoral implant-positioning-and-transfer devices) are being placed on the desired point while ensuring that they are firmly placed.
• The scan is made by moving the wand over the adjacent teeth and implant scan body, followed by the scan of the opposing dentition and buccal scan with the teeth occluded for bite registration. 
• After checking the scan and confirming it is fine, the data set is uploaded to a dedicated software and a 3D model is obtained and can offer good surface quality and accurate repositionable implant analog. The fit of the individual abutment and crown can also be checked on the model.
• The final result is extremely accurate, thus eliminating the need for retakes. This can improve the overall treatment quality and enables faster delivery. 

Superimposition of Intraoral and CBCT scans

Three-dimensional (3D) virtual treatment planning is becoming an increasingly important tool within the fields of oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthodontics and implantology. Superimposed intraoral and CBCT scans can create a 3D “virtual patient” which can help to better diagnose, plan the treatment and communicate with patients. 

CBCT imaging is a widely used 3D imaging. However, CBCT has the drawback that it is prone to distortions around the dentition in the presence of metallic restorations, orthodontic appliances, and the high density of enamel. All these factors contribute to the distortion of the dentition in the CBCT model.  Intraoral scan enables to overcome such distortion, and therefore a fusion between the intraoral and CBCT scans is helpful.

There are different ways to superimpose intraoral and CBCT scans, but mostly it is done by using specialized software. The software can match corresponding landmarks or surfaces on two scans and merge them together, generating a 3D model that represents the combined data.

One of the most common uses of superimposing intraoral and CBCT scans is in orthodontics. By superimposing the pre-treatment and post-treatment scans, orthodontists can accurately measure the amount and direction of tooth movement, as well as any changes in the position of the jaws. This can help in assessing the success of the treatment and in identifying any residual problems that may need to be addressed.

In addition to orthodontics, superimposition of intraoral and CBCT scans can also be useful in other areas of dentistry, such as implant planning and periodontal treatment. For example, in implant planning, superimposing the CBCT scan with an intraoral scan can help in determining the optimal position and angle of the implant, while taking into account the location and orientation of adjacent teeth and bone.

Overall, the superimposition of intraoral and CBCT scans is a valuable tool for dental professionals, allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of the patient’s anatomy and the effects of treatment.

Intraoral scanners

Intraoral scanners are devices that are used to capture digital impressions of a patient’s teeth and oral tissues. Some examples of intraoral scanners on the market include the 3Shape TRIOS, the Align iTero, and the Carestream CS 3600.

Such scanners use optical technology to capture highly detailed images of the inside of the mouth and create digital models of the teeth and surrounding structures.

Intraoral scanners have several advantages over traditional (and non-digital) methods of impression-taking. They are faster, more comfortable for the patient, and offer higher accuracy and precision. In addition, digital models can be easily shared and manipulated, allowing for better communication between dental professionals and more efficient treatment planning.

Intraoral scanners are commonly used in dentistry for a range of applications, including restorative dentistry, orthodontics, and implant dentistry. They are also becoming increasingly popular in other areas of healthcare, such as ear, nose, and throat (ENT) medicine as well as in maxillofacial surgery.

Intraoral scanner history

Intraoral scanners are devices used in dentistry to digitally capture the three-dimensional (3D) shape and color of teeth and oral structures. This information can then be used to design and create dental restorations, orthodontic appliances, and other dental devices.

Here is a brief history of intraoral scanners:

• 1987: The first intraoral scanner, the “CEREC 1,” was introduced by Dentsply Sirona. It used a video camera and reflective powder to create a 3D model of the teeth, but the process was slow and required a lot of manual labor.

• The 1990s: Several other intraoral scanners were introduced, including the “Oraltronics” and the “Lava Chairside Oral Scanner.” These scanners used a wand-like device with a camera to capture the shape of the teeth.

• In the early 2000s: Intraoral scanners became more popular as the technology improved. The “CEREC AC” was introduced, utilizing a digital camera to capture the shape of the teeth and a computer software to create a 3D model.

• In the mid-2000s: Intraoral scanners began to use “confocal microscopy,” a technique that uses laser beams to create a 3D image of the teeth. This allowed for faster and more accurate scanning.

• In the late 2000s: Intraoral scanners continued to evolve and improve, with some scanners using “triangulation” to capture the 3D shape of the teeth. Triangulation technology uses a laser to create a grid on the teeth, while the scanner utilizes the reflections from such grid to create a 3D model.

• The 2010s: Intraoral scanners became more widely used in dentistry, and several companies began to offer different types of scanners. Some scanners used “structured light” to capture the 3D shape of the teeth, while others used “time-of-flight” cameras to create a 3D model.

Today, intraoral scanners are an important tool in modern dentistry, allowing for faster and more accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and fabrication of dental restorations. Intraoral scanners continue to evolve, with new technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, that enhance their capabilities, ease of use, and accuracy.

Intraoral scanner technology

Intraoral scanner technology is a digital application used in dentistry to capture 3D images of a patient’s teeth, gums, and other oral structures. This technology yields digital impressions, which can be used to design dental restorations such as crowns, bridges, and implants.

Unlike the traditional impressions method, which involve using putty-like materials to create a mold of the teeth and gums, the intraoral scanning technology uses a wand-like device that captures digital images of the mouth. The images are then processed by software to create a 3D model that can be used for a variety of purposes, such as designing and manufacturing dental restorations, analyzing bite and occlusion, and tracking the progression of orthodontic treatment.

Some benefits of intraoral scanner technology include improved accuracy, reduced chair time for the patient, and faster turnaround times for restorations. Additionally, many patients find the digital scanning process to be more comfortable than traditional impression methods. Overall, intraoral scanner technology has revolutionized the field of digital dentistry, allowing for more precise and efficient treatment planning and delivery.

Types of intraoral scanners

Intraoral scanners are devices used in dentistry to create digital 3D models of a patient’s teeth and gums. There are several types of intraoral scanners available, including:

• Optical Scanners: These scanners use light to create a 3D image of the teeth and gums. They are the most common type of intraoral scanners.
• Laser Scanners: These scanners use laser technology to capture a 3D image of the teeth and gums. They are often used in conjunction with optical scanners to capture more detailed images.
• Confocal Microscopy Scanners: These scanners use a laser to create a 3D image of the teeth and gums, but they use a different type of laser technology that results in a greater depth perception.
• Structured Light Scanners: These scanners project a pattern of light onto the teeth and gums and then use a camera (and these projected patterns) to capture the 3D image.
• Ultrasound Scanners: These scanners use sound waves to create a 3D image of the teeth and gums. They are not as common as other types of intraoral scanners.

Each type of scanner has its own advantages and limitations, and the choice of scanner will depend on the specific needs of the patient and the dentist.

Intraoral scanner brands

There are various intraoral scanner brands available in the market today. Here are some of the most popular brands:

• 3Shape: A leading provider of 3D scanners and CAD/CAM software solutions for dental professionals. Their TRIOS intraoral scanners offer high accuracy and ease of use.
• Align Technology: best known for its Invisalign clear aligners, but nowadays they also offer the iTero intraoral scanner, which is designed to capture highly accurate digital impressions of the teeth and gums.
• Carestream Dental: Carestream Dental offers a range of intraoral scanners, including the CS 3600, which uses advanced scanning technology to capture highly accurate digital impressions.
• Planmeca: Planmeca is a Finnish company that offers a range of dental equipment, including intraoral scanners. Their Emerald scanner uses a unique blue laser technology to capture high-quality digital impressions.
• Dentsply Sirona: Dentsply Sirona is a global dental equipment manufacturer that offers a range of intraoral scanners, including the CEREC Primescan, which uses an advanced scanning system to capture highly accurate digital impressions.

Other popular intraoral scanner brands include Medit, Dental Wings, and Condor. It’s important to do your research and choose an intraoral scanner that meets your specific needs and budget.

Which intraoral scanner is the best?

There are several intraoral scanners available in the market that have different features, advantages, and disadvantages. The best scanner for a particular dental practice will depend on various factors, such as the needs of the practice, the type of procedures performed, the budget, the speed and scanning, the quality of the scans and the level of expertise of the operator.

Some popular intraoral scanners on the market include:

• 3Shape Trios: This scanner is known for its fast-scanning speed, color capture, and accuracy. It also has a broad range of indications, including restorative, orthodontic, and implant dentistry.
• Align iTero Element: This scanner is designed for chairside restorations, orthodontics, and implant planning. It features a compact wand and a real-time imaging feedback system.
• Carestream CS 3600: This scanner is known for its fast-scanning speed, high accuracy, and ease of use. It also has a small wand and a unique light guidance system to help ensure accurate capture of all tooth surfaces.
• Medit i500: This scanner is known for its high accuracy and speed, making it ideal for restorative and implant dentistry. It also has a user-friendly interface and allows for easy integration with CAD/CAM systems.

Ultimately, the best intraoral scanner will depend on the specific needs and preferences of the dental practice. It is recommended to do extensive research, read reviews, and seek advice from colleagues or dental technology experts before making a purchase. At DentQ, we also manually tested various intraoral scans before choosing what to use – and since this technology is evolving fast, we recommend that you do the same.

Intraoral scanner price

The price of an intraoral scanner can vary depending on the brand, model, and features. Generally, the cost of an intraoral scanner ranges from a few thousand dollars to tens of thousands of dollars. Some popular intraoral scanner brands and their estimated prices (as of my knowledge cutoff of September 2021) include:

• 3Shape TRIOS: starting at around $10,000
• Align iTero: starting at around $18,000
• Planmeca Emerald: starting at around $15,000
• Carestream CS 3600: starting at around $20,000
• Medit i500: starting at around $17,000

The prices mentioned here may vary depending on the seller, location, and other factors. Additionally, there may be additional costs associated with using an intraoral scanner, such as software licenses and maintenance fees. Note that many vendors also offer multiple installments and leasing options. Do you research before deciding what scanner to purchase, and what payment plan to use.

Intraoral scanner trolley (cart)

An intraoral scanner trolley (also called “cart”) a piece of equipment used in dentistry that supports the intraoral scanner. 

Intraoral scanners are used to create digital images of the inside of a patient’s mouth, allowing dentists and dental technicians to create accurate dental restorations, such as crowns, bridges, and dentures.

The trolley (or – cart) is a mobile stand that typically includes a tray or shelf to hold the scanner, as well as any necessary accessories, such as charging cables or scanning tips. It may also include a monitor for displaying and/or a computer for analyzing and processing the scanned data.

Using a trolley allows for greater flexibility and mobility when using an intraoral scanner, as it can be easily moved from room to room or even from one dental practice to another. It also provides a convenient storage solution when the scanner is not in use.

Intraoral scan spray

An intraoral scan spray is a type of liquid spray used in conjunction with an intraoral scanner in dentistry. The purpose of the spray is to help optimize the quality of the digital impressions taken by the scanner.

The scan spray is applied to the patient’s teeth and gums prior to scanning. It is typically a water-based solution that contains particles such as titanium dioxide or zinc oxide. These particles help to create contrast between the teeth and surrounding tissues, making it easier for the scanner to capture accurate and detailed images.

The use of an intraoral scan spray can help to reduce the occurrence of incomplete scans or distortions in digital images, which can result in the need for additional scanning or rework. By using the spray, dental professionals can ensure that they are capturing the most accurate and complete images possible, which can ultimately lead to better treatment outcomes.

Some of the commonly used scan sprays are HS CADCAM Scan Spray, Scangel – scan spray – xDEPOT, ADT Dr. MAT Dental Scan Spray, Scantist 3D Dental Scan Spray, AESUB scan spray, etc.

However, not all intraoral scanners require the use of a scan spray: Some intraoral scanners have advanced technology that allows them to capture digital impressions without the need for a scan spray. For example, some scanners use structured light technology, which projects a pattern of light onto the teeth and gums and uses the reflection to create a 3D model. Other scanners may use a different type of technology, such as confocal microscopy, that doesn’t require a scan spray. Therefore, it is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the scanner and any accompanying materials, including whether or not a scan spray is required.

Intraoral scanner software

An intraoral scanner is a device used by dental professionals to create digital impressions of a patient’s teeth and oral structures. There are many software programs available that complement intraoral scanners to process and analyze digital impressions. 

Some examples of intraoral scanner software include:

• 3Shape TRIOS: This software is compatible with the 3Shape TRIOS intraoral scanner and offers features such as real-time visualization, shade measurement, and virtual articulation.
• Planmeca Romexis: This software is designed to work with the Planmeca Emerald and Planmeca PlanScan intraoral scanners. It offers features such as 3D imaging, color mapping, and automatic tooth identification.
• Carestream Dental CS Solutions: This software is designed to work with a variety of intraoral scanners, including the Carestream Dental CS 3600 and CS 3700. It offers features such as real-time 3D imaging, automatic margin detection, and integration with CAD/CAM systems.
• Dentsply Sirona CEREC: This software is designed to work with the Dentsply Sirona CEREC Primescan and CEREC Omnicam intraoral scanners. It offers features such as real-time 3D imaging, automatic margin detection, and integration with CAD/CAM systems.
• iTero Element: This software is designed to work with the iTero Element and iTero Element 2 intraoral scanners. It offers features such as real-time visualization, virtual articulation, and integration with CAD/CAM systems.

These are just a few examples of the many intraoral scanner software programs available on the market. The specific software a dental professional chooses to use will depend on their individual needs and the type of intraoral scanner they are using.

Intraoral scanning video

There are many videos available online that demonstrate how intraoral scanning works. One can search for “intraoral scanning video” on video hosting websites like YouTube, Vimeo, or Dailymotion.

In general, intraoral scanning involves using a handheld device to capture digital impressions of a patient’s teeth and oral structures. The device is moved around the patient’s mouth, capturing multiple images that are then combined to create a 3D model of the patient’s teeth and oral structures. This process is quick and non-invasive, making it a popular alternative to traditional dental impressions.

During the scanning process, the dental professional may ask the patient to hold their breath or make small adjustments to their head position to ensure that all areas of the mouth are captured. Once the scanning is complete, the digital impressions can be used to create dental restorations such as crowns, bridges, and orthodontic appliances. The digital impressions can also be used to create treatment plans and communicate with other dental professionals involved in the patient’s care.

Numerous videos demonstrate this process for various intraoral devices. A good starting point is to search the brand name and model name of your intraoral scanner in YouTube. You can also use video reviews before deciding which intraoral scanner to purchase.

Intraoral scanner training

Training for intraoral scanner use can vary depending on the specific scanner and software being used. In general, training may be provided by the manufacturer or distributor of the intraoral scanner, or by a third-party training provider.

Some possible components of intraoral scanner training could include:

• Hardware and software familiarization: A training session may begin with an overview of the scanner hardware and software, including how to turn on and use the scanner, how to connect it to a computer, and how to launch and navigate the software program.

• Scanning technique and patient positioning: The trainer may demonstrate proper scanning technique and patient positioning to ensure accurate and efficient scans. This may include showing how to hold and move the scanner, how to capture all necessary angles and surfaces, and how to position the patient’s head for optimal access.

• Software functionality: The trainer may demonstrate how to use the software to review and manipulate digital scans, including functions like zooming, rotating, and cropping the scan data, and highlighting specific areas of interest.

• Troubleshooting and maintenance: The trainer may provide tips on how to troubleshoot common issues with the scanner and software, as well as advice on how to maintain the scanner to keep it in good working condition.

Training may be conducted in person or online and may be offered as part of the purchase of the scanner or as a separate service. Effectively scanning with an Intraoral scanner requires considerable practice and guidance, after which scanning duration can be reduced from 30 frustrating minutes to merely a few minutes per patient. This is a very significant improvement both for the practitioner and for the patient. Therefore, it is important to ensure that all users of the scanner receive proper training, which also helps ensure accurate scanning and to avoid potential errors and complications.

How do you scan with an intraoral scanner?

Scanning with an intraoral scanner involves using a handheld device to capture digital impressions of a patient’s teeth and oral structures. 

Here is a general overview of the steps involved in the scanning process:

• Prepare the patient: Have the patient sit in the dental chair and ensure that they are comfortable. Make sure the patient’s mouth is free of debris.
• Calibrate the scanner: Turn on the scanner and calibrate it according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This step is important to ensure accurate scans.
• Apply scanning powder (if necessary): Some scanners require the use of a scanning powder to improve the accuracy of the scan. Apply the powder to the patient’s teeth and oral structures as directed by the scanner manufacturer.
• Scan the teeth and oral structures: Hold the scanner wand and begin scanning the patient’s teeth and oral structures. Move the wand in a slow, steady motion, capturing all areas of the mouth. Some scanners may require specific positioning or movements to capture certain areas of the mouth, so be sure to follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
• Review and adjust the scan: After completing the scan, review the digital impressions to ensure that all areas have been captured accurately. Make any necessary adjustments to the scan, as instructed by the scanner software.
• Save and export the scan: Once the scan is complete and adjusted, save it in the desired format and export it as necessary for use in CAD/CAM systems or other dental software.

Remember that specific instructions for scanning may vary depending on the type of scanner being used, so it’s important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and to receive proper training before using any new type of intraoral scanner.

Intraoral scanner triangulation

Intraoral scanner triangulation refers to the process by which an intraoral scanner uses multiple angles or perspectives to capture and process digital images of the teeth and oral cavity. The scanner utilizes a triangulation technique to determine the position and shape of the objects in the image.

The process begins with the scanner emitting a light source, which is directed toward the teeth and soft tissue in the mouth. The light reflects off the surface of the teeth and is captured by camera sensors in the scanner. The camera records multiple images of the mouth from different angles, which are then processed by the scanner’s software to create a 3D model of the teeth and oral cavity.

The scanner uses the triangulation technique to determine the distance and shape of the objects in the images by comparing the relative (triangular) positions of the light source, the camera, and the object. The scanner can also use the angle of the camera and the light source to calculate the position of the object in the 3D space.

Intraoral scanner triangulation is a useful technique in dentistry as it enables dentists to capture accurate and detailed 3D images (digital impressions) of the teeth and oral cavity without the need for messy and uncomfortable traditional dental impressions. These digital impressions can then be used to create digital models of the teeth (for example STL format, that can also be printed using a 3D printer), plan and design dental treatments, and fabricate custom dental restorations such as crowns, bridges, and implants.

Intraoral scanning technique

The three imaging principles which are most commonly used in the scanning technique of Intraoral scanning are:

• Confocal laser scanning: The emitting laser is projected through a filter with a tiny pinhole to the target. The confocal imaging plane is detected because only the light reflected from the object in focus is being captured. Out-of-focus data are not recorded. Thus, the whole 3D structure is reconstructed by retrieving 2D images at different confocal planes. This imaging process is also known as “point-and-stitch reconstruction.” iTero and TRIOS are the two scanners that use this technique.

• Triangulation technique: The triangulation method has long been used in the CEREC system. It is composed of three points: the laser emitter, sensor, and object surface. With known distance and angulation, calculated using the Pythagorean theorem, the object surface information can be retrieved. However, to obtain more details and avoid unpredictable light dispersion, the tooth surface may need to be covered with a thin layer of radiopaque powder, unifying the surface texture (e.g., Optispray® by CEREC, primarily comprising of titanium oxide).

• Active wave-front sampling (3D-in-motion video recording): This optical sampling method refers to 3D information gathered using a single-lens imaging system for measuring the depth on the basis of the defocus of the primary optics. Lava Chairside Oral Scanner (COS) and True Definition scanner both use this technique with their 3D-in-motion video recording technology. Three internal complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) sensors capture 3D information from different perspectives (i.e., image triplets). In addition to the high accuracy it can provide, high data redundancy is one of its unique characteristics. 

What are the two types of intraoral imaging techniques?

The two main types of intraoral imaging techniques are:

• X-ray imaging: This type of imaging uses X-rays to produce images of the teeth and surrounding structures, such as bones and tissues. X-ray imaging is commonly used in dentistry for diagnostic purposes, such as detecting cavities and evaluating the health of the tooth roots and jawbone. This type of imaging technique uses x-rays to capture the image on the film (conventional or digital). It can further be divided into periapical, bitewing, or occlusal.

• Optical imaging: This type of imaging uses light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation to create images of the teeth and oral cavity. Optical imaging includes techniques such as intraoral cameras, which capture high-resolution digital images of the teeth and oral tissues. Optical imaging is useful for diagnosing and documenting dental conditions, as well as for planning and monitoring treatments.

What are the three types of intraoral radiographs?

Dental radiology images, also known as dental radiographs, are produced when a specific area of the body is exposed to x-rays. These images are used to view the tooth, bone, and sometimes soft tissues. Dental radiology images help dentists to diagnose and treat various oral health conditions. These images are taken with a relatively small amount of radiation. 

The three types of intraoral radiographs are:

• Periapical radiographs: These radiographs show the entire tooth, from the crown to the tip of the root, as well as the surrounding bone and tissues. Periapical radiographs are useful for diagnosing a wide range of dental problems, including cavities, infections, bone loss, and impacted teeth.

• Bitewing radiographs: These radiographs show the crowns of the upper and lower teeth in a specific section of the mouth, as well as the interdental spaces between the teeth. Bitewing radiographs are commonly used to detect cavities in the early stages, as well as to evaluate the fit of dental restorations and the health of the bone supporting the teeth.

• Occlusal radiographs: These radiographs show a broad view of the entire arch of teeth in either the upper or lower jaw. Occlusal radiographs are used to evaluate the development of teeth in children, as well as to diagnose conditions such as cysts, tumors, and fractures of the jawbone.